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Endocrine Disorders
The failure of the pituitary to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) results in disruption of testicular function and infertility. However, in men presenting with infertility, LH and FSH hormone deficiency accounts for less than .5% of the causative factors.
Measurements of FSH, LH, TSH, Testosterone, and prolactin are useful tests in the management of male infertility.
Role of LH and FSH -In men, LH stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial cells of the testes. FSH stimulates testicular growth and enhances the production of an androgen-binding protein which is necessary for sustaining the maturing sperm cell.
Testosterone’s Role in Sperm Production
LH stimulates the testes to release testosterone. When in balance, testosterone works with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to help generate sperm.
TSH- Hypothyroidism adversely affects erectile function and sperm parameters, including sperm count, morphology, and motility.
Prolactin- High blood prolactin concentration interferes with the function of the testicles, the production of testosterone, and sperm production.